NEED AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN OUR SOCIETY
- Nidhi Agarwal
- Dec 19, 2021
- 4 min read
What are the basics a human needs live life in best possible ways , yes he / she needs free access to some basic resources also termed as rights .
United Nation General Assembly on 10 december 1948 adopted a document which was acceptable to all its member nations , it consist of 30 articals dealing with all rights every individual needs to survive . To mark anniversary of this day every year international human rights day is celebrated on 10 december (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मानव अधिकार दिवस 10 दिसंबर )This document is termed as Universal Declaration of Human Rights (U.D.H.R.) Fundamental rights of India are taken from Constitution of Germany.
AGENCIES RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDIA
1) NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHT COMMISSION (N.H.R.C.) ( राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोग )
Formed in October 1993 is responsible for protection and spreading awareness about human rights,It also acts as an advisory body to government of India in issues related to human rights.
Each state and union territory has its own human right commission , Members of the commission visits jails and other institutions which are under state control and review surviving conditions and give suggestion for improvement .
2) WRITS ISSUED BY COURT TO PROTECT HUMAN RIGHTS ( ARTICAL32)
i )Habeas Corpus ( बंदी प्रत्यक्षीकरण )
Habeas Corpus means " to have the body "
Issued by the Courts in those cases where a person is illegally detained. Aim of this writ is to stop police force from using their power in wrong way.
किसी भी व्यक्ति को गिरफ्तार या नज़रबंद करने पर उसे कोर्ट में पेश करना अनिवार्य है। फिर कोर्ट फैसला करता है कि व्यक्ति आरोपी है या नहीं , पुलिस बल को शक्ति दुरूपयोग करने से रोकना इस रीट का मकसद है.

ii ) Mandamus (परमादेश)
Mandamus means order or command
when any legal authority fails to perform any duty so the court commands him to perform the duty . This legal authority should have the power to perform and by using the writ of mandamus he is obliged to act on such duties . This writ ensures that no one’s legal rights or fundamental rights are violated due to the misconduct of government employee or institution.
यदि कोई सरकारी कर्मचारी या संस्थान अपने कर्तव्यों का पालन करने में विफल रहता है , तो कोर्ट उसे कर्तव्य पालन का आदेश दे सकता है।
iii ) writ of Prohibition (प्रतिषेध)
Also known as stay order
When any lower court make any decision or perform any action which is outside its jurisdiction the upper court can stop the implementation of decision of lower court by stay order.
यदि कोई निचली अदालत उन मुद्दों पर निर्णय ले रही है जो उसके अधिकार क्षेत्र से बाहर हैं तो ऊपरी न्यायालय स्टे ऑर्डर द्वारा इसके कार्यान्वयन को रोक सकता है
iv ) Certiorari (उत्प्रेषण )
When any decision or procedure followed in decision making is against constitutional principals . This is issued to correct errors(त्रुटि सुधार)
v ) Quo Warranto
Means " By what warrant "
Issued against a person holding any office of public importance without any authority. आपका अधिकार क्या है?
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS PROVIDED BY INDIAN CONSTITUTION भारतीय संविधान द्वारा दिये गये मौलिक अधिकार
1) RIGHT TO EQUALITY
i) Equality Before Law (ARTICAL 14 ) (कानून के समक्ष समानता) (अनुच्छेद 14
ii) Prohibition of discrimination on public places all over India on the basis of gender religion caste ( ARTICAL 15 ) भेदभाव का निषेध ( लिंग जाति और धर्म के आधार पर ) (अनुच्छेद 15)
iii) Equal opportunities for employment ( ARTICAL 16 ) रोजगार के समान अवसर ( अनुच्छेद 16)
iv) Abolition of Untouchability (ARTICAL 17) अस्पृश्यता का उन्मूलन (अनुच्छेद 17)
v)Abolition of titles ( ARTICAL 18) उपाधियों का उन्मूलन (अनुच्छेद 18 )
2) RIGHT TO FREEDOM
i) Freedom of Speech , Expression and Assembly , Movement Residence Profession (ARTICAL 19)
विचार और अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता , आवास भ्रमण और रोजगार की स्वतंत्रता (अनुच्छेद 19 )
ii) Protection in respect of conviction for offences ( ARTICAL 20)
बिना साक्ष्य के किसी व्यक्ति को अपराधी नहीं माना जायेगा (अनुच्छेद 20)
iii) Protection of life and Personal Liberty ( ARTICAL 21 )
कानूनी प्रक्रिया के अनुसार जब तक आवश्यक न हो , जीवन की स्वतंत्रता की और व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता राज्य से कोई हस्तक्षेप नहीं करती है( अनुच्छेद 21 )
iv) Protection against arrest and detention (in certain cases) (ARTICAL 22)
कुछ मामलो में नजरबंदी और गिरफ़्तारी से सुरक्षा (अनुच्छेद 22 )
3 )RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION
i)Prohibition of human trafficking and forced labour (ARTICAL 23)
मानव तस्करी और जबरन श्रम निषेध (अनुच्छेद 23)
ii)Prohibition of child labour ( ARTICAL 24)
बाल श्रम निषेध (अनुच्छेद 24)
4 ) RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION
i) Freedom of conscience and free profession (ARTICAL 25)
धार्मिक आचरण चुनने की स्वतंत्रता (अनुच्छेद 25)
ii) Freedom to manage religious affairs (ARTICAL 26)
धार्मिक मामलों के प्रबंधन की स्वतंत्रता (अनुच्छेद 26)
iii) Freedom to pay or not to pay taxes and fees for promotion of particular religion (ARTICAL 27)
विशेष धर्म के प्रचार के लिए करों और शुल्कों का भुगतान करने या न करने की स्वतंत्रता (अनुच्छेद 27)
iv) Any particular religion shall not be promoted in state funded educational institute except institute meant for religious learning ( ARTICAL 28 )
धार्मिक शिक्षा के लिए बने संस्थान को छोड़कर राज्य द्वारा वित्त पोषित शिक्षण संस्थान में किसी विशेष धर्म को बढ़ावा नहीं दिया जाएगा (अनुच्छेद 28)
5 ) CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS
i) Right to protect and conserve any language script and culture ( ARTICAL 29)
संस्कृति और भाषा संरक्षण का अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 29)
ii) Minorities have rights to establish educational institute to promote culture and heritage (ARTICAL 30)
अल्पसंख्यकों को शैक्षिक संस्थान स्थापित करने का अधिकार है ( अनुच्छेद 30 )
6 ) RIGHTS to CONSTITUTIONAL Remidies ( ARTICAL 32 )
संवैधानिक उपचार के अधिकार ( अनुच्छेद 32 ) Deals with writs issued by court .
To conclude we can say that human rights are basic necessities of life , there are many agencies protecting human rights in India and all over the world but mutual respect and understanding among individuals is the best way to protect them.
as per ur comments girls marriage age be increased to 21 yr. but I not agree with this.
Himmat rights is concern of each indivisual, so this subject is much more meaningful for society also the terms and language is easy enough to get the theme..
good information for society rights .🙏🙏